OLAC Linguistic Data Type Vocabulary

Date issued:	2002-06-12
Status of document:	WithdrawnRecommendation.
This version:	http://www.language-archives.org/REC/type-20020612.html
Latest version:	http://www.language-archives.org/REC/type.html
Previous version:	http://www.language-archives.org/REC/type-20010320.html
Abstract:	This document specifies the controlled vocabulary of language resource types used by OLAC. The linguistic data type vocabulary describes the nature of the content of a resource from a linguistic standpoint.
Editors:	Heidi Johnson (mailto:ailla@ailla.org) Helen Aristar Dry (mailto:hdry@linguistlist.org)
Changes since previous version:	Adds: transcription/translation, transcription/phonological, transcription/semantic, transcription/eye-gaze, transcription/facial-expression, annotation/translation, annotation/phonological, annotation/semantic, annotation/eye-gaze, annotation/facial-expression, description/phonetic, description/prosodic, description/gestural, description/morphological, description/syntactic, description/part-of-speech, description/semantic, description/discourse, description/musical, description/eye-gaze, description/facial-expression, dataset/orthographic, dataset/phonetic, dataset/prosodic, dataset/gestural, dataset/phonological, dataset/morphological, dataset/syntactic, dataset/part-of-speech, dataset/semantic, dataset/discourse, dataset/musical, dataset/eye-gaze, dataset/facial-expression, text/narrative, text/oratory, text/dialogue, text/singing, text/drama, text/formulaic, text/procedural, text/report, text/ludic, text/unintelligible speech. Deletes: description/grammatical, description/paradigms, description/pedagogical, description/dialectal, description/comparative, Genre Type section.

Copyright © Heidi Johnson (University of Texas at Austin), Helen Aristar Dry (Eastern Michigan University) . This material may be distributed and repurposed subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License.

Introduction
Linguistic Data Type

References

1. Introduction

Key points: two-level systems, multiple categories for a single resource, parallelism of the transcription and annotation subcategories.

2. Linguistic Data Type

Each term of the controlled vocabulary is described in one of the following subsections. The heading gives the encoded value for the term that is to be used as the value of the code attribute of the Type.linguistic metadata element [OLAC-MS]. Under the heading, the term is described in four ways. Name gives a descriptive label for the term. Definition is a one-line summary of what the term means. Comments offers more details on what the term represents. Examples may also be given to illustrate how the term is meant to be applied.

A further label, Subterms, appears when the term permits more specific refinements. In such cases, the generic (top-level) terms may be chosen, or one of its more specific refinements.

transcription

Name

Transcription

Definition

The resource includes a transcription of a linguistic event.

Subterms

transcription/translation

Name
Definition

transcription/orthographic

Name	Orthographic transcription
Definition	The resource includes orthographic transcription.

transcription/phonetic

Name	Phonetic transcription
Definition	The resource includes phonetic transcription.
Comments	Phonetic transcription may be narrow or broad, and will typically use the International Phonetic Alphabet [IPA] in a standard encoding (e.g. [Unicode-IPA], [SAMPA]). Phonological transcriptions are also classified here.

transcription/prosodic

Name	Prosodic transcription
Definition	The resource includes prosodic transcription.
Comments	A prosodic transcription is a symbolic record of intonation, stress, tone or other suprasegmental features that is expressed independently of regular phonetic transcription.

transcription/gestural

Name	Gestural transcription
Definition	The resource includes gestural transcription.

transcription/phonological

Name
Definition

transcription/morphological

Name	Morphological transcription
Definition	The resource includes morphological transcription.

transcription/syntactic

Name	Syntactic transcription
Definition	The resource includes syntactic transcription.

transcription/part-of-speech

Name	Part-of-speech transcription
Definition	The resource includes part-of-speech tags.

transcription/semantic

Name	Semantic transcription
Definition

transcription/discourse

Name	Discourse transcription
Definition	The resource includes discourse transcription.

transcription/musical

Name	Musical transcription
Definition	The resource includes musical transcription.

transcription/eye-gaze

Name
Definition

transcription/facial-expression

Name
Definition

annotation

Name

Annotation

Definition

The resource includes information which annotates some other linguistic record.

Comments

A linguistic annotation is defined as structured linguistic information that is explicitly aligned to some spatial and/or temporal extent of some other linguistic record.

Subterms

annotation/translation

Name
Definition

annotation/orthographic

Name	Orthographic annotation
Definition	The resource includes orthographic annotation.

annotation/phonetic

Name	Phonetic annotation
Definition	The resource includes phonetic annotation.
Comments	An example of a phonetic annotation is the TIMIT database, in which each element of phonetic transcription is associated with a range of samples in a digital audio file [TIMIT]. Phonological annotations are also classified here.

annotation/prosodic

Name	Prosodic annotation
Definition	The resource includes prosodic annotation.

annotation/gestural

Name	Gestural annotation
Definition	The resource includes gestural annotation.

annotation/phonological

Name
Definition

annotation/morphological

Name	Morphological annotation
Definition	The resource includes morphological annotation.
Comments	A morphological annotation is a morphological transcription where the component morphemes are aligned with some other linguistic record, such as an orthographic transcription or a speech signal. An example of morphological annotation is interlinear text with aligned morphemic glosses.

annotation/syntactic

Name	Syntactic annotation
Definition	The resource includes aligned syntactic transcription.

annotation/part-of-speech

Name	Part-of-speech annotation
Definition	The resource includes aligned part-of-speech tags.

annotation/semantic

Name
Definition

annotation/discourse

Name	Discourse annotation
Definition	The resource includes aligned discourse transcription.

annotation/musical

Name	Musical annotation
Definition	The resource includes musical annotation.

annotation/eye-gaze

Name
Definition

annotation/facial-expression

Name
Definition

dataset

Name

Dataset

Definition

The resource is a structured set of data items.

Comments

A dataset is a collection of items organized in a structured format for some specific research purpose. Examples of datasets are: a database of sentences illustrating deictic terms; an inflectional affix paradigm; a list of utterance tokens in a uniform context (e.g. "Say [pat] now.").

Subterms are the same as for annotation and transcription

Subterms

dataset/orthographic

Name	Orthographic data
Definition	The dataset includes orthographic data.

dataset/phonetic

Name	Phonetic dataset
Definition	The dataset includes phonetic data.

dataset/prosodic

Name	Prosodic dataset
Definition	The dataset includes prosodic data.

dataset/gestural

Name	Gestural dataset
Definition	The dataset includes gestural data.

dataset/phonological

Name
Definition

dataset/morphological

Name	Morphological dataset
Definition	The dataset includes morphological data.
Comments	A morphological annotation is a morphological transcription where the component morphemes are aligned with some other linguistic record, such as an orthographic transcription or a speech signal. An example of morphological annotation is interlinear text with aligned morphemic glosses.

dataset/syntactic

Name	Syntactic dataset
Definition	The dataset includes syntactic data.

dataset/part-of-speech

Name	Part-of-speech dataset
Definition	The dataset includes part-of-speech data.

dataset/semantic

Name	Semantic dataset
Definition	The dataset includes semantic data.

dataset/discourse

Name	Discourse dataset
Definition	The dataset includes discourse data.

dataset/musical

Name	Musical dataset
Definition	The dataset includes musical data.

dataset/eye-gaze

Name	Eye Gaze dataset
Definition	The dataset includes eye-gaze data.

dataset/facial-expression

Name	Facial Expression dataset
Definition	The dataset includes facial-expression data.

description

Name

Description

Definition

The resource includes linguistic description.

Comments

A description is any description or analysis of a language. Unlike a transcription or an annotation, the structure of a description is independent of the structure of the linguistic events that it describes.

Subterms

description/grammatical

Name	Grammatical description
Definition	The resource includes grammatical description.

description/phonological

Name	Phonological description
Definition	The resource includes phonological description.

description/orthographic

Name	Orthographic description
Definition	The resource includes documentation of a writing system.

description/paradigms

Name	Linguistic paradigms
Definition	The resource includes linguistic paradigms.
Comments	A paradigm is a tabulation of linguistic forms designed to illustrate one or more systematic contrasts.

description/pedagogical

Name	Pedagogical description
Definition	The resource includes pedagogical description.
Comments	A pedagogical description is a style of presentation intended for use in teaching people to use the language.

description/dialectal

Name	Dialectal description
Definition	The resource includes dialectal description.

description/comparative

Name	Comparative description
Definition	The resource includes comparative or typological description.

lexicon

Name

Lexicon

Definition

The resource includes a systematic listing of lexical items.

Subterms

lexicon/dictionary

Name	Dictionary
Definition	The resource includes a dictionary.
Comments	This includes any resource that lists words or morphemes and defines them. It contrasts with a word list in that the definitions are complex (rather than being one-word equivalents) and the entries may include other information like part of speech, related words, and illustrative sentences.

lexicon/wordlist

Name	Word list
Definition	The resource includes a word list.
Comments	A word list is a list of reference words in a major language for which the nearest equivalent word in a target language has been elicited (for instance, the Swadesh 100-word list).

lexicon/wordnet

Name	WordNet
Definition	The resource includes a semantic wordnet.
Comments	Whereas a dictionary documents the meanings of words by means of definitions, a word net documents meanings by building a web of semantic relationships [WordNet].

lexicon/thesaurus

Name	Thesaurus
Definition	The resource includes a thesaurus.
Comments	A thesaurus is a list of words or concepts arranged according to sense.

lexicon/terminology

Name	Terminology
Definition	The resource includes a terminological lexicon.
Comments	A terminological lexicon is a glossary of domain-specific terms. Examples are technical terminology, kinship terms, color terms, acronyms, ...

lexicon/proper-names

Name	Name Dictionary
Definition	The resource includes proper names.

lexicon/bilingual

Name	Bilingual Lexicon
Definition	The resource includes definitions in another language.

lexicon/etymological

Name	Etymological Lexicon
Definition	The lexicon contains etymological information.

lexicon/phonetic

Name	Phonetic Lexicon
Definition	The lexicon contains phonetic information, including pronunciation, phonology, stress, rhymes.

lexicon/frequency

Name	Frequency Lexicon
Definition	The lexicon contains frequency information.

lexicon/analytical

Name	Analytical Lexicon
Definition	The lexicon contains analytical information.
Comments	Analytical information includes such things as morphological derivation, grammatically related forms, argument structure, ...

text

Name

Text

Definition

This is a primary resource: the object of study.

Comments

A text is defined as any primary resource or research material, such as a literary work, film, or recording of natural discourse.

Subterms

text/narrative

Name	Narrative
Definition	A monologic discourse: a history, tale, story, or recital.
Comments	Types of narratives include historical, traditional, and personal narratives, myths, folktales, fables, and humorous stories.

text/oratory

Name	Oratory
Definition	"The art of the orator or of public speaking; the art of speaking eloquently according to definite rules, so as to please or persuade; rhetoric" (OED).
Comments	Examples of oratory include sermons, lectures, political speeches, and invocations.

text/dialogue

Name	Dialogue
Definition	An interactive discourse with two or more participants.
Comments	Examples of dialogues include conversations, interviews, correspondence, consultations, greetings and leave-takings.

text/singing

Name	Singing
Definition	The resource consists chiefly of language that is sung, rather than spoken.
Comments	Examples of singing include chants, songs, and choruses.

text/drama

Name	Drama
Definition	A planned, creative, rendition of discourse with two or more participants.

text/formulaic

Name	Formulaic
Definition	The resource is a ritually or conventionally structured discourse.
Comments	Examples of formulaic discourse are prayers, curses, blessings, charms, curing rituals, marriage vows, and oaths.

text/procedural

Name	Procedural
Definition	An explanation or description of a method, process, or situation.
Comments	Examples of procedural discourses include recipes, instructions, plans, and descriptions.

text/report

Name	Report
Definition	An objective account of some event or circumstance.
Comments	Examples of reports include news reports, essays, and commentaries.

text/ludic

Name	Ludic
Definition	Ludic discourse is language whose primary function is to be part of play, or a style of speech that involves a creative manipulation of the structures of the language.
Comments	Examples of ludic discourse are play languages, jokes, secret languages, and speech disguises.

text/unintelligible speech

Name	Unintelligible speech
Definition	The resource consists of utterances that are not intended to be interpretable as ordinary language.
Comments	Examples of unintelligible speech include sacred languages, speaking in tongues, and singing syllables (fa-la-la).

To do

Write the introduction. Explain that typical resources will contain multiple types.

References

[OLAC-MS]	OLAC Metadata Set. <http://www.language-archives.org/OLAC/olacms.html>
[SAMPA]	Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet <http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/home.htm>
[TIMIT]	TIMIT Acoustic-Phonetic Continuous Speech Corpus <http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/LDC93S1.html>
[Unicode-IPA]	Unicode IPA Extensions <http://www.unicode.org/unicode/uni2book/ch07.pdf>
[WordNet]	WordNet - a Lexical Database for English <http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/>

OLAC Linguistic Data Type Vocabulary

Table of contents

1. Introduction

2. Linguistic Data Type

transcription

transcription/translation

transcription/orthographic

transcription/phonetic

transcription/prosodic

transcription/gestural

transcription/phonological

transcription/morphological

transcription/syntactic

transcription/part-of-speech

transcription/semantic

transcription/discourse

transcription/musical

transcription/eye-gaze

transcription/facial-expression

annotation

annotation/translation

annotation/orthographic

annotation/phonetic

annotation/prosodic

annotation/gestural

annotation/phonological

annotation/morphological

annotation/syntactic

annotation/part-of-speech

annotation/semantic

annotation/discourse

annotation/musical

annotation/eye-gaze

annotation/facial-expression

dataset

dataset/orthographic

dataset/phonetic

dataset/prosodic

dataset/gestural

dataset/phonological

dataset/morphological

dataset/syntactic

dataset/part-of-speech

dataset/semantic

dataset/discourse

dataset/musical

dataset/eye-gaze

dataset/facial-expression

description

description/grammatical

description/phonological

description/orthographic

description/paradigms

description/pedagogical

description/dialectal

description/comparative

lexicon

lexicon/dictionary

lexicon/wordlist

lexicon/wordnet

lexicon/thesaurus

lexicon/terminology

lexicon/proper-names

lexicon/bilingual

lexicon/etymological

lexicon/phonetic

lexicon/frequency

lexicon/analytical

text

text/narrative

text/oratory

text/dialogue

text/singing

text/drama

text/formulaic

text/procedural

text/report

text/ludic

text/unintelligible speech

To do